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Killing Time; the Importance of Time Synchronisation in Criminal Cases. by Richard Williams
On occasion, we all need to know the time and we have a multitude of different devices to tell us it, from our mobile phones and wrist watches to the office wall clock or the chimes on the radio news. But how accurate are all these clocks and does it matter if they are all telling different times?
For our day-to-day business it probably doesn't matter too much. If the office wall clock is a faster than your wrist-watch your boss probably won't fire you for being a minute late but when it comes to solving criminal cases, timing is everything!
Take the case of Joan Beddeson, a 71-year-old found murdered in her home in Macclesfield. The chief suspect, her former lover who owed the victim over a quarter of a million pounds, 64-year-old John Crittenden, denied the killing, claiming he was at home in bed with his wife at the time of the murder.
However, police had discovered a credit card statement that showed that Crittenden had bought fuel in Worcester just hours before the killing and was then spotted on a camera 12 minutes later travelling up the motorway towards Macclesfield. Later that night the same car was recorded coming back down the motorway leaving Crittenden with a 45 minute window to commit his crime.
However, during his trial Crittenden, who admitted buying the fuel, denied travelling up the motorway and claimed the cameras were not accurate. However, the cameras were all synchronised using a NTP time server (Network Time Protocol) to Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) and was so accurate that Crittenden's lawyers had no defence and he was convicted of the murder and sent to prison for life.
Time synchronisation is not just important in securing convictions it can also prove somebody's innocence! When a woman was found murdered in Maryland US, the police thought they had found the perpetrators when the victim's bank card was being used at an ATM. A check at a local CCTV camera provided footage of the three suspects using the machine and although the quality was quite grainy, once aired on America's Most Wanted the three suspects were soon rounded up.
However, it emerged that the time recorded by the camera was three minutes off the time recorded by the ATM and the three people held were an entirely innocent family, not connected with he murder at all.
The investigators conceded that if the camera had been synchronised to a reliable source like the ATM machine, then the wrongful arrest would not have been made.
The cases above underline the importance of reliable time synchronisation. Even if a business is not involved in the detection of crime, failing to synchronise a computer network can leave a system vulnerable to fraud, data loss and even legal exposure and without it, organizations can be vulnerable and lose credibility.
Specialist NTP time servers (Network Time Protocol) are available and can synchronise a computer network and all its devices to an accurate clock source such as an atomic clock using either the GPS or a specialist radio transmission, allowing networks to be accurately synchronized to Universal Coordinated Time (UTC)
Copyright (c) 2008 Richard Williams
Richard N Williams is a technical author and a specialist in the telecommunications and network time synchronisation industry helping to develop dedicated time server products; ethernet clocks, GPS time servers, NTP servers, digital wall clocks, atomic clock servers and SNTP time servers. Please visit us for moreinformation on NTP servers.
Article Source: http://www.earticlesonline.com/Article/Killing-Time--the-Importance-of-Time-Synchronisation-in-Criminal-Cases-/325800
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 Casio WV 58A Mens World Time Atomic Digital Watch $34.95 Time Remaining: 5h 53m |
 CASIO ATOMIC WAVECEPTOR WV58A DIGITAL Self Adjusting TimeKeeping World Time $28.50 Time Remaining: 1d 1h 2m Buy It Now for only: $28.50 |
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 Casio G Shock Digital World Time Alarm Chronograph Tough Solar Atomic GW600DA 1V $148.80 Time Remaining: 8d 1h 24m Buy It Now for only: $148.80 |
 Digital Alarm World Time Atomic Wave Ceptor WV58A 1AV $27.85 Time Remaining: 14d 22h 57m Buy It Now for only: $27.85 |
 SWISS TRADITION ATOMIC ANALOG DIGITAL DUAL TIME WATCH $49.99 Time Remaining: 15d 1h 59m Buy It Now for only: $49.99 |
 Dakota Atomic Time Digital Watch Grey $39.99 Time Remaining: 23d 5h 6m Buy It Now for only: $39.99 |
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GE 11088 Electroluminescent Battery-Powered Clock and Plug-In Night Light
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DescriptionThis wall clock has a glowing face that make it easy to tell time in the dark. Battery powered, this clock is always on and keeps time when unplugged or during a power loss. Plugs into standard outlet. |
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Intermatic ST01C White Self Adjusting Wall Switch Timer
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Interdesign 61600 SuctionWorks Waterproof Clock
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DescriptionSuction Works clock has strong suction cups to hold in place. Water resistant. Includes battery and suction cup. |
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Dynamic Living Oversized 16-inch X 7.5-inch Digital Led Calendar Wall Clock
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DescriptionThis clock has a bright red, easy to read LED display with the day and date! No more forgetting what day it is. A quick glance at this Big Digit LED Calendar Clock will remind you. Our week is usually filled with appointments and daily chores... |
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Sonic Boom Alarm Clock
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Description- Sonic Boom alarm clock- Guaranteed to wake even the deepest sleeper also ideal for the hard of hearing and elderly- Convenient travel size- Adjustable tone and volume- Snooze- Automatic dimmer- Battery back-up (9V battery not included)- Powerful bed shaker included- Large 1" bright green LED display- Extra loud pulsating audio alarm- 1 Year manufacturer's warranty- SilverSASB200SSEU |
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Men's 4 Alarm Talking Watch and Date
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DescriptionFour Alarm Talking Watches with Date Announcement. This handsome silver-tone watch speaks the time and date, has four separate alarms, a talking 24 hour stopwatch, and optional hourly time announcement... |
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Custom Accessories CU072100 Large Lighted Readout Clock
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DescriptionLarge, Readout Clock, Bold, Easy To Read Display, Displays Month, Day, Hours & Minutes, Button Operated Back Light, AAA Battery Included, Adhesive Or Screw Mount Included. |
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Fallout 3: Amazon.com Exclusive Survival Edition
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Sony ICF-C318 Automatic Time Set Clock Radio with Dual Alarm (White)
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Description- Sony AM/FM clock radio- Large (.9inch) ~~~green LED displayed numbers- Automatic ~~~time set- Automatic daylight savings time ~~~adjustment- No power no problem - ~~~pre-installed Lithium battery maintains clock and ~~~alarm operation in case of power failure- Dual ~~~alarms with alarm indicators- Extendable ~~~snooze- AM/FM analog tuner- Built-in ~~~calendarSYICFC318W |
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Motorola MH230R 23-Mile Range 22-Channel FRS/GMRS Two-Way Radio (Pair)
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Check out these fine shops that offer Digital Atomic Time Watches products:
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Casio Digital G-Shock Atomic Watch for Men - Wallets And Watches $129.99 All components cushioned by shock-absorbing urethane rings EL backlight with Afterglow Water-resistant to 200 meters Receives official Atomic time calibration four times a day Constant accuracy Solar power cell that augments battery life ''The world&8217;s toughest watches,'' with all components cushioned by shock-absorbing urethane rings. In tests, G-Shocks performed flawlessly after being dropped onto concrete from a height of 10 meters. Features include EL backlight with Afterglow; water-resistant to 200 meters; receives official Atomic time calibration four times a day, ensuring constant accuracy; and a solar power cell that augments battery life. Manufacturer model : GW500A-1V. All components cushioned by shock-absorbing urethane rings EL backlight with Afterglow Water-resistant to 200 meters Receives official Atomic time calibration four times a day Constant accuracy Solar power cell that augments battery life ''The wor |
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Casio Atomic Solar Pathfinder Watch for Men - Wallets And Watches $349.99 Solar/battery power Digital compass, altimeter, barometer, thermometer Tide and moon graphs Multi-band atomic timekeeping Water-resistant to 200 meters This dual-power (solar and battery) watch is the best Pathfinder yet, going beyond the series&8217; core features&8212;digital compass, altimeter, barometer, thermometer&8212;to incorporate tide and moon graphs and moon age data. Multi-band atomic timekeeping; receives radio signals which keep time accurate. Water-resistant to 200 meters. Band Color: Black.Manufacturer model : PAW1500-1V. Solar/battery power Digital compass, altimeter, barometer, thermometer Tide and moon graphs Multi-band atomic timekeeping Water-resistant to 200 meters This dual-power (solar and battery) watch is the best Pathfinder yet, going beyond the |
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La Crosse Technology Atomic Digital Wall Clock - White $24.99 This digital wall clock features an alarm and a snooze function to help you wake up on time. The atomic time and date and time zone settings ensure you know the correct time. |
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La Crosse Technology Atomic Digital Wall Clock - Silver $24.99 This digital wall clock features an alarm and a snooze function to help you wake up on time. The atomic time and date and time zone settings ensure you know the correct time. |
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La Crosse Technology Atomic Digital Wall Clock - Black $24.99 This digital wall clock features an alarm and a snooze function to help you wake up on time. The atomic time and date and time zone settings ensure you know the correct time. |
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La Crosse Technology Atomic Digital Wall Clock - Cherry $34.99 This digital wall clock features a weather forecasting function with 3 weather icons and a weather tendency indicator, so you can make plans according to upcoming weather conditions. The atomic time and date settings ensure you know the correct time. |
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La Crosse Technology Atomic Digital Wall Clock - Oak $40.99 This digital wall clock features a weather forecasting function with 3 weather icons and a weather tendency indicator, so you can make plans according to upcoming weather conditions. The atomic time and date settings ensure you know the correct time. |
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Equity by La Crosse Atomic Digital Travel Alarm $14.99 Wake up on time with this digital travel alarm that displays the current time, date and indoor temperature and features an amber-colored backlight for easy reading. |
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Casio Thin Pathfinder Watch for Men - Wallets And Watches $299.99 The Thin Pathfinder from Casio features a terrific slim design and two of Casio's newest features: Tough Solar Power and Atomic Timekeeping. Tough Solar Power provides the power for this watch, which means you will never need to change the batteries. Atomic Timekeeping adjusts this watch exactly with time calibration radio signals from the National atomic clock in Denver. The graphic compass features a 16-point rotating bezel and is a handy feature for the outdoorsman. It measures to one degree, and it stores five sets of measurement data with direction, month, date and time. Useful if you're hiking to your destination, the altimeter checks and displays the altitude every two minutes and stores the readings with the temperature in memory every 15 minutes. An altitude graph positions you with respect to your target altitude, and a target activated alarm alerts you when you approach it. The measuring range goes to 32,800 feet. Perfect for watching weather trends, to judge the best times for hunting and fishing, the barometer takes readings every two hours, stores them automatically and displays the barometric pressures for the past 26 hours graphically. The watch's thermometer measures temperature every five minutes within a range of 14 F to 140 F. The water resistant Pathfinder watch also has an automatic electro-luminescent back light that illuminates when you tilt your wrist 40 toward you from the horizontal position. Black resin band. Imported. Features: Water-restistant up to 100 meters Low temperature resistant -10C/14F Automatic electro-luminescent back light Altimeter - measures up to 32,800 feet Barometer - measuring range 18 inHg to 32.45 inHg Thermometer - measuring range -14F to 140F Digital compass measures and displays in 16 directions Regular timekeeping - hour, minute, second, AM/PM, date, day 12/24-hour formats Five daily alarms Hourly time signal Alarm chronograph 1/100 second stop watch Manufacturer style : PAW1300-1V The Thin Pathfinder from Casio features a terrific slim design and two of Casio's newest features: Tough Solar Power and Atomic Timekeeping. Tough Solar Power provides the power for this watch, which means you will never need to change the batteries |
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Casio® Ana-Digital SportWatch for Men - Wallets And Watches $99.99 The Ana-Digital SportWatch from Casio combines analog and digital timekeeping methods for simple and accurate readings every time. Perfect for the athlete or outdoorsman, this stylish watch features dual time, a 1/100 second stopwatch, daily alarm, 12/24-hour formats and more. In addition, this handsome men's watch is water-resistant to 100 meters. Makes a terrific gift! Features: Dual time1/100 second stopwatchDaily alarmHourly time signalAuto-calendar12/24 hour formatsWater resistant to 100 meters The Ana-Digital SportWatch from Casio combines analog and digital timekeeping methods for simple and accurate readings every time. Perfect for the athlete or outdoorsman, this stylish watch features dual time, a 1/100 second stopwatch, daily alarm, |
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Casio Men's G-Shock Analog/Digital Solar Atomic Watch - Black $99.95 This watch features 4 daily automatic updates from the atomic clock, and with quartz movement, offers highly accurate time-keeping. The world time clock and automatic daylight savings function help keep you on schedule during your travels. |
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Casio PAW1500-1 Men's Pathfinder Black Resin Atomic Digital Watch $350 Casio PAW1500-1 G-Shock is a Tough Solar Powered men's watch. It comes with high quality black resin case and strap. This great watch also features gray digital dial scratch resistant mineral crystal precise quartz movement multi-band 6 atomic timekeeping water resistant to 200 meters world time with 31 times zones (48 cities + UTC) city code display daylight saving on/off countdown timer 4 Daily alarms and 1 Snooze Alarm 1/100 second stopwatch hourly time signal shock resistant Regular timekeeping EL backlight with afterglow battery power indicator auto calendar and 12/24 Hour Formats. |
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La Crosse Technology Atomic Digital Wall Clock - Aluminum $33.99 This digital wall clock features a perpetual calendar to help you keep track of the current date and displays the current phase of the moon. The 12- and 24-hour time display helps ensure you know the correct time. |
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La Crosse Technology WS-8117U-IT-C Atomic Digital Wall Clock with Moon and Temperature $62.42 LaCrosse Technology atomic digital wall clock features phases of the moonRadio-controlled weather clock displays inside and out temperaturesAtomic clock never needs resettingSelect Fahrenheit or Celsius temperature displayTime alarm includes snooze function Day can be displayed in English, French, Spanish or German Mount clock on wall or use on desk or table tops Atomic clock signal effective in continental U.S Optional 12-hour or 24-hour time modesOutdoor sensor temperature range -21 to 140 degrees FahrenheitClock powered by 2 AA batteries (not included) Remote sensor powered by 2 AA batteries (not included) |
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LaCrosse La Crosse Technology Atomic Digital Wall Clock with Moon Phase - Nature $39.99 Updates every 4 seconds Atomic time and Date Moon Phase 12/24 hour time display Perpetual calendar Time zone setting Time alarm with snooze Wall hanging or free standing Low battery indicator Time alarm with Snooze 4 Languages: English, French, German and Spanish Time is critical. Get the La Crosse Technology Atomic Digital Wall Clock with Moon Phase. Hang this Atomic Clock on the wall or use it free standing. Monitors indoor temperature (F or C). Wireless outdoor temperature (F or C). Outdoor sensor transmission range: 330 feet (100 meters). Atomic time and date with manual setting. Automatically updates for Daylight Savings Time on/off option. Other features include a 12/24 hour time display, perpetual calendar, time zone setting, alarm with snooze, and a low battery indicator for both display and temperature sensor. Power requirements: Receiver &8211; 2 ''AA'' alkaline batteries; Wireless sensor &8211; 2 ''AA'' alkaline batteries. Dimensions: Receiver &8211; 10.25'' x 1.16'' x 9.74''; Sensor &8211; 5.05'' x 1.5'' x .83''. Color: Silver. Manufacturer model : WS-8418AL-IT. Updates every 4 seconds Atomic time and Date Moon Phase 12/24 hour time display Perpetual calendar Time zone setting Time alarm with snooze Wall hanging or free standing Low battery indicator Time alarm with Snooze 4 Languages: English, French, Germ |
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LaCrosse La Crosse Technology® Atomic Digital Wall Clock with Moon Phase and Indoor Outdoor Temp - Oak Black - Nature $49.99 Wireless outdoor temperature (F or C) Monitors indoor temperature (F or C) Moon phase Atomic time and date with manual setting Automatically updates for Daylight Saving Time on/off option 12/24 hour time display Perpetual calendar Time zone setting Time alarm with snooze 4 languages to choose from: English, French, German, Spanish Wall hanging or free standing Swiss precision sensor Wireless outdoor temperature range: -21.8F to 140F Indoor temperature range: 32F to 122F Moon phase: 12 phases Transmission range: Up to 330 Feet Transmission frequency: 433.92 MHz The Atomic Digital Wall Clock from La Crosse Technology goes well beyond telling time! This unit provides indoor and outdoor temperatures, moon phase, perpetual calendar and more. Makes a great gift! Power Requirements: Clock: 2 "AA" Alkaline batteries Wireless sensor: 2 "AA" Alkaline batteries Dimensions: Receiver: 8" x 12.2" x 1.18" Sensor: 5.5" x 1.6" x 1 Wireless outdoor temperature (F or C) Monitors indoor temperature (F or C) Moon phase Atomic time and date with manual setting Automatically updates for Daylight Saving Time on/off option 12/24 hour time display Perpetual calendar Ti |
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